• br Methods br Results and discussion br Conclusions A

  2021-11-23

  

  Methods Results and discussion Conclusions A third example of a hexokinase using polyphosphate exclusively as a phosphoryl donor has been identified, this time in mammalian tissues. This is the first polyphosphate utilizing enzyme activity demonstrated in mammalian neuron specific enolase

• Regulation of pancreatic and cell mass has been extensively

  2021-11-23

  

  Regulation of pancreatic α and β cell mass has been extensively studied and hotly debated, due to potential therapeutic implications. Early claims of Angptl8 as “betatrophin” and Angptl4 as a regulator of glucagon secretion and α cell proliferation (Yi et al., 2013, Ben-Zvi et al., 2015) have not st

• The widespread involvement of HH GLI in human

  2021-11-23

  

  The widespread involvement of HH/GLI in human malignancies has initiated a remarkable effort to identify selective HPIs. As shown in Table 2.1, most of these small molecule inhibitors target the essential effector protein SMO, which should lead to pathway abrogation by eventually decreasing the GLIA

• In summary our findings provide the evidence

  2021-11-23

  

  In summary, our findings provide the evidence and the mechanistic understanding of the protective effects of GIP receptor agonist, D-Ala2GIP, in the MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. The observed protective effects are potentially due to reduced oxidative stress and attenuation of dopamine loss in

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-11-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Since early times, herbs and their extracted substances have been used as foods and medicinal resources worldwide (Petrovska, 2012). A Ginger is one of the most important and oldest spices, consisting of the prepared and sun-dried rhizomes of Zingibe

• Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family of neurot

  2021-11-22

  

  Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family of neurotrophins have important modulatory roles in opioid analgesia and addiction [36]. The NGF family of neurotrophins include NGF, Bacitracin australia derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) [37]. BDNF

• Mammals adapt to prolonged periods of food scarcity by relea

  2021-11-22

  

  Mammals adapt to prolonged periods of food scarcity by releasing FFAs from adipose tissue and transforming them into energy-rich ketone bodies that are used as fuel by brain, muscle, and other organs (Kersten, 2014, Grabacka et al., 2016). Ketogenesis occurs primarily in hepatocytes, but its rate is

• br Author contributions br Declaration of conflict of intere

  2021-11-22

  

  Author contributions Declaration of conflict of interest Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Director, National Institute of Immunology for his support. The work was partially supported by J.C. Bose Fellowship to SSM. We acknowledge the help from staff of Small Animal Facility of Nation

• Starting from the hypothesis that the linker

  2021-11-22

  

  Starting from the hypothesis that the linker portion of the inhibitor molecules does not necessarily require the presence of an alcohol/ether or a carbonyl group, the same research group performed another scaffold hopping analysis, obtaining 1500 new compounds as potentially active HO-1 inhibitors [

• Importantly each conformational state in the SRP SR dimer

  2021-11-22

  

  Importantly, each conformational state in the SRP–SR dimer provides a distinct point of regulation at which these GTPases can directly sense and respond to different biological cues in the pathway. For example, assembly of a stable ‘closed’ complex between SRP and SR is intrinsically very slow (kon

• Decreased ratio of Treg TH is reported to correlate

  2021-11-22

  

  Decreased ratio of Treg/TH17 is reported to correlate with MS disease severity [63]. Treg MK-8931 are the major anti-inflammatory subset of T cells which suppress proinflammatory T-cells by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as play a critical role in maintaining

• Historically pharmacological investigations have been carrie

  2021-11-22

  

  Historically, pharmacological investigations have been carried out by first identifying a biological response to a ligand, and then subsequently using that ligand to identify the receptor(s) responsible for the response (Wilson et al., 1998). However, this approach needed revision with the discovery

• Also the decrease in adipocyte cAMP levels seen

  2021-11-22

  

  Also, the decrease in adipocyte cAMP levels seen after an acute glucose challenge in wild-type mice was strongly reduced in mice lacking GPR81, indicating that the activation of PDE3B alone was not sufficient to mediate the effect of insulin on cAMP levels and lipolytic activity. The fact that insul

• Several investigators including ourselves have

  2021-11-22

  

  Several investigators including ourselves have previously shown, that allogeneic HLA-DPB1 class II-alleles are powerful leukemia rejection leukotriene receptor antagonists for CD4 T-cell therapy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Herr et al., 2017, Rutten et al., 2008, Ste

• substance p Originally identified as a GPCR upregulated on B

  2021-11-22

  

  Originally identified as a GPCR upregulated on Burkitt lymphoma cells upon Epstein-Barr virus infection (Birkenbach et al., 1993), Ebi2 was later found to play critical roles in immunity by regulating the migration of activated substance p to extrafollicular sites for early plasmablast responses (Ga

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